Rapid Monitoring on Physiological Management During Outdoor Hiking using Dynamic Time Warping

Abstract

Generation Z hikers face significant physiological challenges during outdoor activities, necessitating effective self-monitoring tools. While smartwatches offer biometric feedback, the impact of user awareness on physiological regulation remains underexplored. This study investigates how real-time feedback influences exertional control during mountain hiking. A quasi-experimental between-subjects design was applied, involving eight male participants divided into “aware” and “unaware” groups based on their access to smartwatch feedback. Data were collected on Mount Andong, Central Java, using commercial wearable sensors to record heart rate, calorie expenditure, body temperature, oxygen saturation, step count, and perceived exertion. Statistical tests confirmed that real-time biometric feedback significantly enhanced physiological regulation, evidenced by lower heart rate, reduced calorie burn, and decreased perceived exertion in the aware group. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) analysis of heart rate time-series further revealed more stable pacing patterns among feedback-aware participants. These findings suggest that smartwatch-assisted awareness supports improved physiological adaptation and pacing efficiency in unstructured outdoor settings. The study underscores the need to promote conscious engagement with wearable feedback, particularly in high-effort physical environments